When you visit temples and shrines, where do you focus your attention on the buildings?
While it's wonderful to admire the overall grandeur and size, focusing on the curvature of the roof and the complex wooden framework supporting the pillars reveals the incredible determination of our ancestors in their battle against the harsh nature, as well as the cosmic truths (feng shui and beliefs) hidden in the design.
This time, while briefly touching on the basic terminology of traditional Japanese architecture, we will guide you through the definitive differences between the architecture of Kyoto/Nara and Aizu, as well as the mysteries of feng shui hidden in castles. Knowing this will dramatically enhance your temple visits starting tomorrow!
1. Aizu vs Kyoto/Nara! Differences in Architectural Philosophy
In short, while the architecture of Kyoto/Nara is characterized by 'refinement of style and authority,' Aizu's architecture contrasts with 'adaptation to harsh nature and unique designs.'
① Roof Shape (Battle Against Snow)
- Aizu (Snow Country Specifications): Designed with a very steep slope to withstand the weight of snow (snow load) and to shed snow, the roofs are built to endure. The attic employs a 'suspension structure' made of thick logs, providing a sturdy framework that withstands vertical pressure.
- Kyoto/Nara (Aesthetic Focus): With less concern for snow, the roof tips gracefully rise towards the sky, emphasizing the elegant curve known as 'sori-mashi.'
② Roof Material (Battle Against Freezing)
- Aizu (Red Tiles): The 'red tiles (salt-glazed tiles)' seen in places like Tsuruga Castle. These are high-tech materials that are baked with a glassy coating, preventing moisture absorption and protecting the tiles from cracking due to winter freezing (frost cracking).
- Kyoto/Nara (Traditional Tiles and Hinoki Bark Roofs): Due to the mild climate, prestigious materials like 'hinoki bark roofs' (a wooden bark roof) and heavy black 'traditional tiles' are used.
2. Show off your knowledge! The 'Insider Highlights' of Shrine and Temple Architecture
There are many architectural terms, but here are a few key highlights that you can confidently point out during your sightseeing.
Three Parts to Remember
・Tokyō (斗栱) / Kumimono (組物): This refers to the intricately combined wooden framework that sits atop the pillars, resembling a puzzle. It is a super important part that distributes the heavy roof load and directs it to a single pillar. As time progressed, the decorations became more elaborate, making it the biggest 'highlight' of shrine and temple architecture.
・Kōryō (虹梁): A type of horizontal beam (梁) that connects pillars, named for its slight upward curve resembling a 'rainbow' after rain. It often features magnificent carvings of dragons and waves, so be sure to check it out.
・Gegyo: A board-shaped decoration hanging from the triangular part of the roof (gabled end). It is shaped like a "fish" or "water plants" and serves as a water charm (sorcery) to protect buildings from the "fire" that is the nemesis of wooden architecture.
3. Structure that controls invisible forces (Feng Shui, sorcery)
Japanese architecture incorporates not only physical "strength" but also Feng Shui at the urban planning level to protect the city from "invisible disasters (demons and evil spirits)."
It is famous that Kyoto is an ideal Feng Shui city, but in fact, Aizuwakamatsu is also designed as a perfect Feng Shui city modeled after Kyoto.
For example, in Kyoto, Hieizan Enryakuji is positioned to block the northeast "Kimon (the ominous direction where evil spirits enter)." The same structure exists in Aizu.
Aizu's Kimon sealing: Tsuruga Castle and Haniyasu Shrine
The Haniyasu Shrine in Inawashiro, where the founder of the Aizu domain, Masayuki Hoshina, rests, is located in the direction of the northeast (ushi tora) Kimon from Tsuruga Castle. Following Masayuki's will to "become a god after death and protect Aizu's Kimon," Tsuruga Castle (the center of the present world) and Haniyasu Shrine (a spiritual breakwater) work together to create a massive L-shaped barrier protecting Aizu from calamities.
Additionally, the northeast corner of Tsuruga Castle's stone wall is intentionally recessed as a Feng Shui sign of protection, indicating "no horns = no demons."
Experience overwhelming wisdom and beauty through fieldwork
How was it?
By transcending the rules of Kyoto and Nara, Aizu has many miraculous architectures that have evolved uniquely, such as the "Aizu Sazaedo (double helix structure)" born from the rationality unique to snowy regions and the intense faith, as well as the enormous atrium "Shingu Kumano Shrine Nagatsubo."
At "Tabinoito," we offer tours in an academic style that interpret the meanings of these architectural parts and the grand design of the city from a local perspective.
"Why is this roof shaped like this?" "Why was it built in this direction?"
Join us for an architectural exploration that unravels the historical codes, and let's delve into the deep charms of Aizu together.
[Join us for an adult fieldwork that decodes history's mysteries]
A journey to comfortably explore the real breath of history, different from period dramas, in a dedicated vehicle.
A dedicated guide will introduce you to Aizu's stories that are not found in textbooks.
First, feel free to consult us via LINE.
